Ramadan and the Quran (3): Themes of Surah Al-Baqarah (Part One)

Ramadan and the Quran

Surah Al-Baqarah is described as the Pavilion of the Quran, a grand city encompassing the core principles of faith, legal rulings, and guidance for individual and communal well-being in both this world and the hereafter. It is also called the Peak of the Quran, as the peak signifies elevation and prominence, much like the hump of a camel. This title is given due to its emphasis on striving in the cause of Allah, a means of great honor and distinction for the believers. 

Al-Biqa’i states: 

The beginning of this Surah is about guidance, and its conclusion speaks of governance, making it the summit of the Quran.”


Themes of Surah Al-Baqarah

The central theme of Surah Al-Baqarah revolves around:  

“The Divine Method of Vicegerency on Earth: Those Who Abandoned It and Those Who Upheld It.”

Ibn Ashur categorizes its primary objectives into two sections:

  1. Establishing the superiority of this religion over previous revelations, highlighting its profound guidance and purification of the soul.
  2. Laying out the legal and social framework for its followers, shaping a just and ethical society.

Similarly, Sayyid Qutb notes that while this Surah addresses multiple subjects, they are unified under a dual thematic structure:

  • First Theme: The reaction of the Children of Israel to the Islamic message in Medina, their interactions with the Prophet (peace be upon him), and their alliances with both the hypocrites and the polytheists.
  • Second Theme: The formation of the Muslim community and its preparation to bear the responsibility of spreading divine guidance and leadership on earth, after the Children of Israel failed in upholding their covenant with Allah.

Structure and Content

Upon reflection, the discourse in this Surah can be divided into two broad sections:

  1. First Section: Addressing the Children of Israel directly or speaking about them, covering nearly the first half of the Surah.
  2. Second Section: Directing guidance to the Muslims, instructing them on worship, financial ethics, family laws, and international relations, thereby laying the foundation for a righteous and balanced society.

The Surah culminates in a magnificent conclusion that illustrates the believers’ response to Allah’s commands, their sincere supplications, and their plea for divine completion of His blessings upon them.

This serves as an introduction, and further elaboration will follow in the next article, God willing.

Reference: This series draws insights from Thematic Interpretation of the Surahs of the Quran,  compiled by a distinguished group of scholars under the supervision of Dr. Mustafa Muslim.

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