Politics in Islam Series (1): Why Understanding Politics Matters

 

What is Politics?

Politics is more than elections and government officials. At its core, politics is about decision-making within a group, community, or society. It defines how resources are distributed, how laws are made, and how people’s lives are shaped. In simple terms, politics is the art and science of organizing society. It touches everything—education, healthcare, justice, and even the air we breathe.

Many people avoid politics, thinking it’s too complicated or too corrupt to matter. But politics affects us all, whether we choose to engage or not. The decisions made by those in power ripple into every aspect of our lives. From the price of bread to global conflicts, politics is always present.

History: A Lesson from the Past

Consider the story of ancient Greece and the city-state of Athens. It was here that the concept of democracy first took root. Citizens were encouraged to participate in decision-making, debate policies, and shape their future. However, only a fraction of the population—free men—had this privilege. Women, slaves, and foreigners were excluded.

This historical example reminds us that politics, even in its most celebrated forms, has often been a tool of exclusion and inequality. Yet, it also shows the power of political engagement to create lasting systems and institutions.

Islamic Perspective: Politics as Responsibility

In Islam, politics is not seen as a dirty game or a tool for power. Instead, it is a trust (amanah) and a responsibility (mas'ooliyyah). The Qur'an emphasizes justice, fairness, and accountability, principles that form the backbone of Islamic governance:

“Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge between people to judge with justice.” (Qur'an 4:58)

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) exemplified this in his leadership. As both a spiritual guide and a statesman, he showed that governance is an act of service. His famous saying, “The leader of a people is their servant,” encapsulates the Islamic view that politics is about serving the community, not exploiting it.

Islamic History: The Golden Era of Governance

One of the most powerful examples of Islamic political philosophy in action is the era of Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab. Known for his justice and humility, Umar’s policies transformed the early Islamic state into a model of fairness. He established welfare systems, ensured public accountability, and even placed limits on his own authority to avoid tyranny.

Under his rule, non-Muslim citizens were granted safety and freedom to practice their faith, showing how Islamic politics prioritized justice for all, not just Muslims. This legacy continues to inspire policymakers worldwide.

Comparison: The Shortcomings of Secular Politics

Modern secular politics often disconnects morality from governance. While systems like democracy or capitalism have brought progress, they are not without flaws. Corruption, inequality, and political apathy have plagued many nations.

For instance, the unchecked pursuit of power has led to devastating wars and exploitation. The Islamic worldview, in contrast, insists that governance must align with moral principles and accountability to God. This higher standard prevents the misuse of authority and ensures that the rights of all individuals are protected.

Modern Times: Why You Should Care About Politics

Today, many people feel disillusioned with politics. But ignoring it doesn’t make it disappear—it only means others will shape the world on your behalf. Imagine living in a country where unjust leaders pass laws that oppress the weak. Your silence enables their power.

Islam teaches us to speak out against injustice and to engage in the betterment of society. Participating in politics—whether through voting, advocacy, or community service—is part of this duty. It’s a way to fulfill the Qur'anic command to "enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong" (Qur'an 3:110).

Conclusion: The Call to Engage

Politics is not just for politicians. It’s for everyone who cares about justice, equality, and the future of humanity. As Muslims, our duty to engage with politics stems from our faith. We cannot stand idle while the world’s systems either build or destroy societies.

By learning about politics, participating in discussions, and holding leaders accountable, we fulfill a greater purpose. Let this be our starting point for the journey ahead—uncovering the treasures of Islamic political philosophy and its timeless lessons for today’s challenges.