Islamic Worldview (27): The Danger of Submitting to the Dominant Culture
History bears witness to a recurring phenomenon: people often gravitate toward the prevailing culture of their time, willingly or subconsciously adopting its norms and values. This tendency, termed by the historian Ibn Khaldun as "the influence of the dominant over the defeated," continues to shape societies. Today, the dominant force is the Western culture, which exerts a pervasive influence on how people across the globe think, behave, and even understand their own faith.
In this article, we explore the dangers of uncritically conforming to the dominant culture, how it affects the perception of Islamic teachings, and how Muslims can navigate this challenge while staying true to their faith.
Ibn Khaldun’s Insight: The Dominant Over the Defeated
Ibn Khaldun, in his Muqaddimah, astutely observed that the defeated often seek to imitate their conquerors in every aspect—language, dress, customs, and even values. This phenomenon is not limited to military conquest; it also applies to cultural and intellectual dominance.
In the modern world, Western civilization wields unparalleled influence. Its cultural norms are portrayed as universal, its political systems as the pinnacle of governance, and its values as the ultimate moral standard. For many Muslims, this has led to a crisis of confidence in their own heritage, resulting in attempts to reinterpret Islamic teachings to align with Western ideals.
The Clash Between Revelation and Dominant Culture
A striking pattern emerges when we examine the most contentious issues in Islamic jurisprudence today. Almost all of them involve direct conflicts between Quranic principles and the norms of Western culture.
Consider the following examples:
- Allegiance and Disavowal (الولاء والبراء): This Islamic concept, rooted in loyalty to Allah and disavowal of anything contrary to His guidance, clashes with the Western ideal of absolute inclusivity.
- Jihad: While Islam emphasizes the nuanced, multifaceted nature of jihad, it is often misunderstood or deliberately misrepresented in a world that equates it with violence.
- Sharia Implementation: Calls for the application of Islamic law are viewed with suspicion, as secularism dominates Western political thought.
- Punishment for Apostasy (قتل المرتد): A matter of divine legislation is cast as intolerant in a culture that champions individual freedom above all else.
- Hijab and Gender Interaction: Islamic teachings on modesty are regularly criticized as oppressive in a society that prioritizes personal choice and expression.
These issues are not problematic because of intrinsic faults in Islamic principles but because they challenge the dominant culture’s norms.
The Danger of Conforming
Uncritical conformity to the dominant culture poses several dangers:
- Erosion of Faith: Muslims who prioritize Western values over Islamic principles risk diluting their faith, often leading to reinterpretations that strip Islam of its authenticity.
- Loss of Identity: Over time, assimilation into the dominant culture results in a loss of unique identity, making Muslims indistinguishable from others in their worldview and practices.
- Moral Relativism: Embracing the values of the dominant culture often leads to the abandonment of absolute truths in favor of subjective morality, undermining Islam's role as a guide for humanity.
How to Resist the Pull of the Dominant Culture
Islam provides Muslims with the tools to navigate and resist the pressure of dominant cultural influences:
- Knowledge of Revelation: A deep understanding of the Quran and Sunnah fortifies believers against cultural assimilation. Allah says, “Indeed, this Quran guides to that which is most suitable” (Surah Al-Isra: 9).
- Confidence in Islamic Civilization: Learning about the rich history of Islamic thought and achievements instills pride and counters feelings of inferiority.
- Community Support: Strong, united Muslim communities help individuals maintain their identity and resist external pressures.
- Critical Thinking: Muslims must assess cultural values through the lens of Islam rather than uncritically adopting them.
Conclusion
The dominance of a culture, as Ibn Khaldun observed, is inevitable. However, submission to it is not. For Muslims, the challenge lies in holding firm to their principles while engaging with the world around them.
It is essential to remember that the value of Islam does not depend on its alignment with any dominant culture; rather, its timeless guidance is rooted in divine wisdom, offering solutions that transcend cultural trends.
In the face of today’s challenges, the Muslim Ummah must remain vigilant, fostering a deep understanding of their faith and a strong sense of identity. As Allah reminds us,
“Do not weaken and do not grieve, and you will be superior if you are [true] believers”(Surah Aal-e-Imran: 139).
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