Politics In Islam (29): The Role of Hisbah in Protecting Nature
Imagine a society where protecting the environment isn't just a civic duty or an ethical choice but a divine responsibility deeply woven into the fabric of life. This was the reality in many Islamic societies, guided by a system known as Hisbah — a concept that might seem foreign today yet holds profound relevance in our time of environmental crisis.
What is Hisbah?
In its essence, Hisbah is a principle rooted in the Quranic verse:
"Let there arise from you a group inviting to all that is good, enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong, and those will be the successful." (Āl ʿImrān 3:104)
Historically, the role of the muhtasib (the official responsible for Hisbah) was not limited to monitoring marketplaces or ensuring fair trade practices. It extended to safeguarding public welfare, which included the protection of natural resources — water, plants, animals, and the very air we breathe.
Hisbah and Environmental Ethics
Centuries before modern environmentalism, Islamic scholars recognized the interconnectedness of all living beings. The muhtasib would ensure that no one polluted rivers or cut down trees without purpose. In fact, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ explicitly warned against wasting water, even while performing ablution by a flowing river:
"Do not waste water, even if performing ablution on the banks of a flowing river."This principle was not merely symbolic but a foundational aspect of Islamic environmental ethics.
In addition, the Prophet ﷺ forbade harming animals unnecessarily, burning plants, and polluting natural resources. These teachings weren't isolated pieces of advice; they formed a comprehensive approach to environmental stewardship grounded in the understanding that every living being praises its Creator:
"Do you not see that Allah is exalted by whomever is within the heavens and the earth and by the birds with wings spread? Each knows its means of prayer and exalting Him." (An-Nur 24:41)
Hisbah in Action: Timeless Wisdom for a Modern World
Imagine if every society had a “Guardian of Nature,” someone whose duty wasn't just to penalize offenders but to cultivate a deep respect for the environment. This was the muhtasib — a person who understood that harming nature is, in essence, a form of transgression against divine trust.
In our world, where pollution chokes rivers, plastic fills oceans, and wildlife dwindles at alarming rates, the concept of Hisbah is a powerful reminder. It urges us to see beyond regulations and laws — to view environmental responsibility as an act of faith and a testament to our humanity.
Today, as we witness the devastating impact of environmental neglect, the spirit of Hisbah challenges us to ask:
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Are we fulfilling our role as stewards of the earth?
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How can we revive a sense of collective responsibility that transcends mere compliance?
Reviving Hisbah in Modern Times
While we may not appoint muhtasibs in our streets today, the principles of Hisbah can still guide our efforts. It begins with personal accountability — a commitment to reduce waste, conserve resources, and speak out against environmental harm. It extends to communal action, where policies reflect respect for the planet and a desire to preserve it for future generations.
Islamic environmental ethics teach us that caring for the earth is not a choice but an obligation — a trust given to us by the Creator.
Reviving the spirit of Hisbah means realizing that every small action, every mindful choice, is a part of a greater duty — one that connects us to the earth, each other, and to our Creator.
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