Politics in Islam (39): Islam and Political Leadership: Why Seeking Power is Discouraged

Politics in Islam Series

 

One of the foundational principles in Islamic political ethics is the prohibition of seeking leadership out of personal ambition. Unlike many political systems where individuals actively campaign for power, Islam views excessive desire for authority as a sign of unreliability and self-interest. The Prophet ﷺ made this clear:

“We do not appoint to leadership those who seek it or are eager for it.” (Sahih al-Bukhari, 7149; Sahih Muslim, 1733)

This principle aims to protect society from leaders who pursue power for personal gain rather than genuine service. However, this general rule has exceptions, particularly in cases where leadership is necessary to prevent greater harm.


When Can Leadership Be Sought?

1. Political Vacancy and Crisis

  • If there is a power vacuum, competent individuals must step forward.

  • The Companions of the Prophet ﷺ did not hesitate to seek leadership after his passing because the absence of governance would have led to chaos.

  • Imam al-Māwardī noted:

    “No one was condemned for seeking leadership after the Prophet’s death because it was a time of necessity.”

2. When One is Uniquely Qualified

  • If someone sincerely believes they are the best candidate, and that others would fail in leadership, they may seek the role.

  • Prophet Yusuf (Joseph) عليه السلام exemplified this when he told the King of Egypt:

    “Appoint me over the storehouses of the land; indeed, I am a knowledgeable and trustworthy guardian.” (Qur’an 12:55)

  • His request was not out of ambition, but because he knew his expertise could prevent economic disaster.


The Danger of Power Lust

Islamic teachings warn that leadership is not a privilege but a heavy responsibility. The Prophet ﷺ cautioned:

“You will crave leadership, but on the Day of Judgment, it will be a cause of regret.” (Sahih al-Bukhari, 7148)

History shows that those who pursue power for personal gain often fall into oppression and corruption. True leadership is about service, not self-promotion.


Conclusion: Leadership is a Duty, Not a Prize

Islam’s political system discourages the pursuit of power unless it is a necessity or a duty. Leadership should be given to those who do not seek it, yet are most capable of fulfilling it. A just leader is not one who grasps for power, but one who shoulders its weight only when it is required for the greater good.

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