Politics in Islam (43): Public Wealth in Islam: A Sacred Trust, Not a Personal Asset
One of the most striking concepts in Islamic governance is how public wealth is treated as "the wealth of Allah"—not the wealth of the ruler, the government, or any individual. This terminology is not just symbolic; it emphasizes that public funds belong to the people, and any misuse of them is a direct violation of a divine trust.
"مال الله" – Public Wealth as a Divine Trust
The Prophet ﷺ and his companions referred to public funds as “مال الله” (the wealth of Allah). This was not just a phrase—it was a declaration that public money is sacred, and its misuse is a grave sin.
The Quran strongly warns against stealing from public wealth, calling it "غلول" (embezzlement or betrayal):
"وما كانَ لِنبيٍّ أنْ يَغُلَّ، ومنْ يَغْلُلْ يأتِ بما غلَّ يومَ القيامةِ" (Surah Aal-e-Imran 3:161)
This verse contains two powerful recitations:
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"يَغُلَّ" (Yaghull) – meaning that a prophet would never betray public trust.
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"يُغَلَّ" (Yughall) – meaning that the public must not betray their responsibility over wealth.
Together, these readings emphasize a two-way responsibility:
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Rulers must not steal from public wealth.
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The people must ensure that public funds are protected.
This principle ensures that public money remains public—not a personal fortune for politicians.
A Prophetic Warning Against Corruption
One of the most famous hadiths on public wealth is the story of Ibn al-Lutbiyyah, a man sent by the Prophet ﷺ to collect charity. When he returned, he said:
“This is for you, and this was given to me as a personal gift.”
The Prophet ﷺ became visibly angry and addressed the people:
“What is wrong with a man whom we appoint over public affairs, and he comes back saying: ‘This is for you, and this was given to me as a gift’? Why doesn’t he sit in his mother’s house and see whether anyone would give him a gift or not?” (Sahih al-Bukhari, 2597)
This incident exposes a major problem in governance: the misuse of political power for personal gain. In today’s terms, this is called “abuse of office” or “conflict of interest.”
If gifts are given to politicians not because of their personal worth but because of their political influence, then these gifts are a form of bribery—a way for the rich and powerful to manipulate decision-making.
Islam strictly forbids this practice, ensuring that leadership remains a responsibility, not a business.
The Modern Parallel: How Public Wealth is Protected Today
The concept of protecting public funds is not unique to Islam. Many democratic countries have strict anti-corruption laws that follow a similar logic:
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In the U.S., government officials cannot accept expensive gifts. Any gift exceeding a certain value is automatically transferred to the U.S. Treasury.
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In the U.K., members of Parliament must declare gifts and donations, ensuring transparency.
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In Japan, bribery in government positions is met with severe legal punishment.
The reason is simple: when public officials accept gifts or steal from public wealth, they stop serving the people and start serving their own interests.
Islam was centuries ahead in implementing this principle. The difference, however, is that in Islam, stealing from public wealth is not just a legal crime—it is a moral and spiritual betrayal that will be accounted for on the Day of Judgment.
The Bottom Line: No Room for Corruption
Islamic governance revolves around justice, transparency, and accountability. The concept of “مال الله” (the wealth of Allah) serves as a reminder that no ruler, no politician, and no official has a right to treat public funds as their personal bank account.
A nation that respects its wealth respects its people. But a nation that allows its rulers to steal from the people’s pockets is doomed to collapse.
And history has shown, time and time again, that when corruption spreads unchecked, the downfall is only a matter of time.
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