Politics in Islam (49): A Promise of Political Structure in the Qur’an

Politics in Islam Series

The denial of Islam’s political dimension has become a common theme in modern discourse—especially in a world that seeks to confine religion to the private sphere. Yet, time and again, the Qur’an itself affirms the opposite.

In Surah Ash-Shura, a Makki chapter revealed during the period of weakness and persecution in Makkah, Allah gives the Prophet ﷺ and the early believers a profound glimpse of what is to come. Despite their vulnerable state, Allah assures them that a time will come when they will establish a state and a governing system, founded not upon tribalism, oppression, or autocracy—but upon the principle of shura (consultation).

And those who respond to their Lord, establish prayer, conduct their affairs by mutual consultation, and spend from what We have provided them.
[Ash-Shura 42:38]


This is not just an instruction in personal decision-making. It’s a foundational verse in the shaping of Islamic governance. The Qur’an, in the heart of a Makkan surah, speaks of shura as a defining quality of the believers—a principle that would guide their future political life.

This is remarkable. At a time when the Muslims had no power, no state, no influence—when they were persecuted in the streets of Makkah—Allah was laying down the blueprint for a coming political order rooted in justice, mutual consultation, and divine guidance.


A Contrast with the Pagan Norm

This revelation stood in stark contrast to the norms of the time. The Quraysh and most Arab tribes operated through systems of raw power, inherited privilege, and social hierarchy. Leaders were not chosen through mutual consultation; they were born into it or seized it through force.

Yet, the Qur’an introduces something radically different: a governance system not built on bloodlines or tyranny, but on consultation, responsibility, and divine accountability.


How Can Politics Be Denied in Islam?

Given this clear evidence from the Qur’an—how then can anyone claim that Islam has no relationship with politics? How can one claim that Islam is “a religion” in the limited modern sense, when the Qur’an itself anticipates a future state, defines principles of governance, and demands justice and accountability from leaders?

The call to separate Islam from political life is not a call from the Qur’an—it is a foreign import, borrowed from the bitter legacy of European church-state conflicts. But Islam did not suffer from such contradictions. The Qur’an did not restrict its guidance to prayer and fasting. Rather, it spoke of justice, leadership, accountability, and statecraft—all as part of the religion.


A Sign and a Challenge

The verse in Surah Ash-Shura is both a sign of Allah’s promise to the early believers and a challenge to the modern Ummah. It reminds us that Islam has always been comprehensive, and that our duty is not only to believe but to implement, to carry Islam beyond the mosque into the courtroom, the marketplace, and the halls of governance.

To deny this dimension is not neutrality—it is a form of reductionism that strips Islam of its God-given wholeness.

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